1. Chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp

Nguyên tắc chung: Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, cần thay đổi thì của động từ, đại từ, và trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.

2. Các thay đổi cần thiết

Thay đổi thì của động từ:

• Hiện tại đơn → Quá khứ đơn
  • “I am happy,” she said. → She said (that) she was happy.
• Hiện tại tiếp diễn → Quá khứ tiếp diễn
  • “I am reading a book,” he said. → He said (that) he was reading a book.
• Hiện tại hoàn thành → Quá khứ hoàn thành
  • “I have finished my homework,” she said. → She said (that) she had finished her homework.
• Quá khứ đơn → Quá khứ hoàn thành
  • “I saw the movie,” he said. → He said (that) he had seen the movie.
• Tương lai đơn → Tương lai trong quá khứ
  • “I will go to the party,” she said. → She said (that) she would go to the party.

Thay đổi đại từ:

• “I” → he/she
  • “I am here,” he said. → He said (that) he was there.
• “You” → I/he/she/they (tùy ngữ cảnh)
  • “You are late,” she said to me. → She said (that) I was late.

Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

• Now → Then
  • “I am busy now,” she said. → She said (that) she was busy then.
• Today → That day
  • “I am going out today,” he said. → He said (that) he was going out that day.
• Tomorrow → The next day / The following day
  • “I will leave tomorrow,” she said. → She said (that) she would leave the next day.
• Yesterday → The day before / The previous day
  • “I came yesterday,” he said. → He said (that) he had come the day before.
• Here → There
  • “I am here,” she said. → She said (that) she was there.

Bài Tập

Bài tập 1: Chuyển các câu trực tiếp sau sang câu gián tiếp

1. “I am going to the market,” he said.
2. “She is studying English,” he said.
3. “They have completed the project,” she said.
4. “We will visit the museum,” they said.
5. “You were right,” she said to him.

Bài tập 2: Chọn câu gián tiếp đúng

1. “I am tired,” he said.
   • He said (that) he is tired.
   • He said (that) he was tired.
2. “She will come tomorrow,” he said.
   • He said (that) she will come tomorrow.
   • He said (that) she would come the next day.
3. “We saw the movie,” they said.
   • They said (that) they had seen the movie.
   • They said (that) they saw the movie.
4. “I am working now,” she said.
   • She said (that) she was working now.
   • She said (that) she was working then.
5. “He can help us,” they said.
   • They said (that) he could help us.
   • They said (that) he can help us.

Đáp Án

Đáp án bài tập 1

1. He said (that) he was going to the market.
2. He said (that) she was studying English.
3. She said (that) they had completed the project.
4. They said (that) they would visit the museum.
5. She said (that) he had been right.

Đáp án bài tập 2

1. He said (that) he was tired.
2. He said (that) she would come the next day.
3. They said (that) they had seen the movie.
4. She said (that) she was working then.
5. They said (that) he could help us.