Health and Medicine

Nutrition · Treatment · Public Health · Anatomy

💡 Pro Tip: Thay vì dùng các từ cơ bản như "sick", "cure", hay "bad diet", hãy nâng cấp band điểm Lexical Resource bằng các từ vựng học thuật trong bài học này. Di chuột vào các từ in đậm màu cam để xem định nghĩa tiếng Anh chi tiết.

A. Diet, Nutrition and Lifestyle

The foundation of good health is a balanced diet and an active lifestyle. Poor habits in these areas are the leading causes of modern health crises.

Nutrients: The essential elements in food (e.g., vitamins, minerals) that keep us alive.
Malnutrition: A serious condition caused by a lack of proper nutrients in the diet.
Obesity: The medical condition of being extremely overweight, often leading to heart problems.
Sedentary: A lifestyle that involves a lot of sitting and very little exercise (e.g., a sedentary office job).
Metabolism: The bodily process that converts food into energy. A slow metabolism can lead to weight gain.

B. Illness, Diagnosis, and Treatment

When someone falls ill, medical professionals follow a strict procedure to identify the problem and provide a solution.

⏳ Chronic vs. Acute: A chronic disease lasts for a long time (e.g., asthma, diabetes). An acute illness is severe but sudden and short-lived.
🤒 Symptom: A sign that you have an illness (e.g., a cough, a fever).
🔍 Diagnose: When a doctor identifies exactly what disease you have based on your symptoms.
💊 Alleviate: To reduce pain or make a symptom less severe, but not necessarily cure it entirely.
📝 Prescribe: When a doctor writes a formal order for medication.

C. Public Health and Medical Infrastructure

Health is not just a personal issue; it is a major concern for governments and societies worldwide.

Epidemic: A sudden outbreak of a disease affecting many people in one area. (A Pandemic is worldwide).
Immunity: The body's ability to fight off a disease, often built through vaccines.
Preventative medicine: Healthcare focused on preventing disease before it happens, rather than treating it later.
Healthcare infrastructure: The physical systems (hospitals, clinics, transport) required to keep a population healthy.

📌 Advanced Collocations:

• Alleviate the symptoms: This tea will help alleviate the symptoms of your cold.
• Prescribe medication: The doctor prescribed medication for his high blood pressure.
• Suffer from malnutrition: Millions of children in developing countries suffer from malnutrition.
• Boost immunity: Eating a balanced diet helps boost your immunity.

✍️ Comprehensive Practice

Hệ thống bài tập tự động chấm điểm. Hoàn thành toàn bộ các ô trống trước khi nộp bài.

Exercise 12.1: Core Definitions

Vocabulary Matching

Provide the exact academic term that matches each definition. (One word per gap).

1. A state of poor health due to not eating enough healthy food:

2. A lifestyle involving a lot of sitting and little exercise:

3. To make a pain or physical problem less severe:

4. To recognize and name the exact disease a person has:

5. A disease affecting a large number of people at the same time:

6. The ability of the body to resist a particular infection:

Exercise 12.2: Contextual Gap Fill

Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences using the most appropriate word from the theory sections.

1. When you have a bacterial infection, the doctor will usually antibiotics.

2. Due to the rise of fast food, has become a major health crisis in developed nations.

3. He has been suffering from a (long-lasting) back pain for over ten years.

4. During a global crisis, a strong healthcare is essential to save lives.

5. Fruits and vegetables are full of essential that the body needs to function.

Exercise 12.3: Synonyms & Antonyms

Lexical Logic

Based on the theory, write the exact synonym, antonym, or word form requested.

1. Synonym of relieve / soothe:

2. Synonym of worldwide disease:

3. Antonym of active (lifestyle):

4. Antonym of acute (illness):

5. Noun form of the verb diagnose:

Exercise 12.4: Collocations Matrix

Word Combinations

Fill in the missing word to complete these powerful health-related collocations.

1. Investing in medicine saves hospitals money in the long term.

2. The psychiatrist will medication to help with his anxiety.

3. This new painkiller will rapidly your symptoms.

4. Getting enough sleep is a great way to boost your against viruses.

Exercise 12.5: The Public Health Crisis

Reading Integration

Read the short essay paragraph and fill in the blanks using words from the theory sections.

Public health officials warn that a (1) (inactive) lifestyle combined with a poor diet inevitably leads to (2) (extreme overweight). If left untreated, this can cause (3) (long-term) diseases like type-2 diabetes and heart failure. To (4) (reduce/relieve) the immense strain on hospitals, governments must prioritize (5) (stopping before it happens) measures, such as promoting exercise, rather than just waiting to (6) (identify) conditions after the damage is already done.