Information Technology

Computing · Networks · Artificial Intelligence · Security

💡 Pro Tip: Trong IELTS, không nên chỉ nói "computers" hay "the internet". Hãy sử dụng các từ vựng cụ thể để mô tả công nghệ đang thay đổi thế giới như thế nào. Di chuột vào các từ in đậm màu cam để xem định nghĩa chi tiết.

A. Hardware, Software & Computing

The foundation of Information Technology (IT) lies in the physical machines and the code that runs them.

Microchip: The tiny electronic component that acts as the "brain" of computers, smartphones, and smart devices.
Device / Gadget: A piece of electronic equipment. (A gadget is usually small and clever, like a smartwatch).
To upgrade: To get a newer, better version of hardware or software. The opposite is to become obsolete.
Application (App): A specific piece of software designed to perform a particular task for the user.
Interface: The layout and visual elements you interact with on a screen (e.g., a user-friendly interface).

B. Data, Networks & Cybersecurity

Today, information is a valuable resource. How we store, share, and protect this information is a massive industry.

☁️ The Cloud: Storing data on remote servers on the internet rather than on a local hard drive.
📡 Bandwidth: The capacity of an internet connection. High bandwidth means faster downloads.
🛡️ Cybersecurity: The protection of computer systems and networks from theft or damage.
🕵️‍♂️ Hack: To illegally break into a computer system. The criminal who does this is a hacker.
🔐 Encrypt: To scramble data so that only authorized people can read it.

C. The Future: AI & Automation

The next frontier of technology involves machines performing tasks that usually require human intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Computer systems that can learn, reason, and make decisions (e.g., ChatGPT, self-driving cars).
Chatbot: An AI program you can talk to via text or voice.
Automation: Replacing human workers with machines or software to do repetitive tasks. This can increase efficiency but may cause unemployment.
Virtual Reality (VR): A completely computer-generated 3D environment that you can explore using a special headset.
Augmented Reality (AR): Overlaying digital information (images, text) onto the real world (e.g., Pokemon Go, smart glasses).

✍️ Comprehensive Practice

Hệ thống bài tập tự động chấm điểm. Hoàn thành toàn bộ các ô trống trước khi nộp bài.

Exercise 6.1: Core Definitions

Vocabulary Matching

Provide the exact technology term from the lesson that matches each definition.

1. A tiny silicon chip that acts as the brain of a computer:

2. To change data into a secret code to protect it:

3. No longer used or produced because it is out of date:

4. The practice of protecting computers and networks from attacks:

5. The capacity of an internet connection to send data quickly:

6. Storing data on remote servers on the internet: The

Exercise 6.2: Contextual Gap Fill

Sentence Completion

Complete the sentences using the most appropriate word from the theory sections.

1. The bank's system was compromised when a managed to break into their database.

2. Many factory workers are worried that will replace them with robots in the near future.

3. My phone is five years old, so I need to to a newer model soon.

4. A like an iPad or smartwatch is a very useful learning tool.

5. The new software has a very simple and user-friendly (layout on screen).

Exercise 6.3: AI and Realities

Abbreviation Mastery

Provide the full two-word term for the following concepts based on the lesson.

1. AI:

2. VR:

3. AR:

Exercise 6.4: Tech Collocations

Word Combinations

Fill in the missing verb to complete these essential IT collocations.

1. It is important to regularly up your data to an external hard drive.

2. You should always (install/put on) an antivirus program on your PC.

3. Millions of users (transfer from internet) the new application every day.

4. The company uses advanced algorithms to (look at/study) customer data.

Exercise 6.5: IELTS Writing Task 2 Integration

Reading Context

Read the essay paragraph about the future of work and fill in the blanks.

The rapid advancement of (1) Intelligence is fundamentally changing the job market. Many fear that increasing (2) (machines doing human jobs) will render traditional factory roles completely (3) (outdated). However, this shift also creates opportunities. Companies will need experts in (4) (protecting networks) to defend against criminals who might try to (5) into corporate servers. Furthermore, as more businesses store their sensitive information in the (6) , they must ensure all data is safely (7) (scrambled/coded) to protect user privacy.